Modernism
Modernity:- Believing in machinery/technology not craft.
Accelerated rate of change, allows for development and has as domino effect on society, social change, cultural change etc.
Key elements of modernity:
- Industrialisation
- Concentrated populations
- Development of trade and and capitalism - structures of power changed
- Science and technology development
- Mass media
- Division of labour - hierarchy develops
- Mass consumption
- Secularisation - rejection of religion
The Modern Era:
Had an effect on the way of life, increased idea of consumerism , markets began to appear. Effected work, recreation, families, religious practice, communities etc.
Main impact is one of progress.
Modernism:
- Cultural output of Modernity.
Refers to changes seen in most art forms, collections of people sharing common interests resulted in the development of 'movements' such as:
Cubism - invented collage and multimedia pieces.
Futurism - praised technology within work, focus on warfare.
Surrealism.
Graphic design from Bauhaus (set up by Walter Gropious) brought modernism to the classroom in a variety of context, photography, typography etc
High Modernism:
After World War Two modernist = change and renew.
The collective motivation for change has cemented the principles of what modern design should and do look like, this is the development of high modernism.
High modernism introduced Swiss style type - became popular due to Switzerland being neutral during World War Two.
Pre-modernism - decoration, "neo-classical", gothic style, ornimentation.
Modernist - function, purpose, process.
Modern Art:
- Experimentation
- Abstraction
- Expression
- Experimentation
- Progressiveness
- Rejection of tradition
- Functionality
- 'Ornament is crime'
- Rules and principles
- Rationality
- New technique and materials
- Progressiveness
- Rejection of tradition
The end of Modernism?:
Did it actually progress society or make it worse?
Did Swiss style type become more like dictatorship - designers meant to be anonymous became more like rulers.
No theory, just principles = modernism
Post Modernism
Post Modernism:
- Umbrella term for re-thinking.
- 'Means absolutely nothing, and everything.'
Became a radical improvement on modernism, about ornament and colour, aggressive, blunt, cynicism.
Post modernism draws on cultures and traditions - can seem to celebrate diversity. But appropriation of cultures absorb them into pop culture and capitalism.
Post Modernity:
- Change and progress but doesn't have the same fundamentals as Modernity. Based on cynicism towards grand claims of modernism.
- Anything goes in post-modernism.
Happens in the digital age (1970's - onward) key themes in globalisation, commercialisation. Changes what's considered 'work' and class. Development of electronics over mechanics, moves away from the restrictions of Modernity.
Post Modernism History:
Historical styles are often adopted the juxtaposed, misused, and contextualised.
- Hints of history but with post modern twist.
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